Leadership Lessons for MBA Applicants From Super Tuesday

This week the focus of the lengthy (many might argue too lengthy) presidential campaign has been on Super Tuesday. This high-stakes day for the Republican contenders has ten states holding primaries, and 410 delegates — 17.9% of the total number of Republican delegates — up for grabs. So what attributes have made Mitt Romney, Rick Santorum, Newt Gingrich and Ron Paul the last candidates standing? And what can MBA applicants learn from the strengths and weaknesses of these contenders? Whether running for president or campaigning for a seat in a top MBA program, the winning candidates must demonstrate a record of achievement, impact, and consistent integrity. Admissions committees and voters prize these bedrock qualities of true leadership. How does the Republican field fare when examined against these criteria: Achievement. Romney’s robust resume, including stints as founder of Bain Capital, CEO at Bain Company, and governor of Massachusetts, has become his primary strength, while Gingrich points to â€Å"7,000 votes, over 1,500 speeches, thousands of television and radio appearances, thousands of articles and op-eds and 24 books.† Santorum touts his legislative experience – five years as a congressman and twelve years as a senator. Dr. Paul points to decades of service both as a physician and a congressman. Impact. They’ve been busy, certainly, but how have their actions made a difference? Romney boasts of transforming the fortunes of Massachusetts from job erosion and budget deficit when he took office, to job creation and a $2 billion â€Å"rainy day fund† when he left. Gingrich points to his â€Å"Contract with America† and the success of 1994’s â€Å"Republican Revolution† as evidence of his leadership ability. Paul and Santorum have struggled to demonstrate impact on the same level. For Santorum, introducing the bill to the Senate that ended partial birth abortions is a claim of positive impact. For Paul, it has been his consistent voting record and principled opposition to an expanded government. Integrity/consistency. Romney and Gingrich face challenges here. Many voters wonder if Romney’s current positions are based on true conviction or political expediency. Gingrich has been dogged by a reputation for â€Å"volatility,† ethics issues when he was Speaker of the House, and a messy personal life.   Santorum and Paul have more consistent and reliable records, but can come across as either sanctimonious or too extreme to be electable. Fortunately for MBA applicants, â€Å"running† for a seat in a great b-school doesn’t entail grueling travel, rubber-chicken dinners, and having everything you say used against you. To earn the votes of MBA admissions committees, however, qualified MBA applicants must also display accomplishments, impact, and integrity. These are the critical ingredients adcoms seek in the future leaders who will add value not only to their MBA class, but also to the business world for years to come. Another critical difference between the presidential and MBA selection process is numbers. Voters choose the one person they think is best qualified for the job. Top MBA programs will accept hundreds of candidates. As Soojin Kwon Koh, director of admissions at the Michigan Ross School of Business, so cogently wrote in a recent blog post, â€Å"Remember, b-school admission isnt about admissibility; its about bringing the right group of people together to create a unique learning community.† The Republican presidential candidate who ultimately does the best job demonstrating achievement, impact, and integrity is probably going to be the one competing with Barack Obama in November. And qualified MBA candidates who do the best job on all three criteria are most likely to be seen as deserving a spot in the â€Å"unique learning community† of their choice. By Linda Abraham, president and founder of Accepted.com and author of the new, definitive book on MBA admissions, MBA Admission for Smarties: The No-Nonsense Guide to Acceptance at Top Business Schools. Photo credit: DonkeyHotey Article first published as Leadership Lessons for MBA Applicants From Super Tuesday on Technorati.

Vat Increase And The Uk Tourism Industry - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2649 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Tourism Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? To evaluate the impact of VAT (Value added Tax) increase on Tourism industry of U.K in 2011. 2) Provisional Working Title: The tourism generates a major contribution to UK economy. It generated about  £85 billion offering 3.5 percent to national GDP. About two million jobs are maintained by the tourism industry in which 1.4 million are directly employed in the sector with five percent of UK employment. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Vat Increase And The Uk Tourism Industry" essay for you Create order The tourism industry of UK has considerably reduced in the past ten years drastically. The closing stages of the provisional VAT reduction that took place in January 2010 are expected to negatively influence the UK tourism industry completely. Even though the return of the VAT rate to 17.5% will not have a specific unfavorable effect on lodging providers and tourist attractions, it is bounce to minimize the competitiveness of U.K based on the recent measures collected in Europe. For example, consider France lowered the VAT rate for restaurants from 19.6% to 5.5% and hence Germany proclaimed that it will lessen its VAT rate on lodging from 19% to 7% in January. Most of the reports suggested that the tax rate is more when compared to other destinations. Hence, it shows that the visitors to U.K face higher prices that generate the country to be less competitive. Moreover, the lower rate would support savings in the sector that could knock over the turn down in the Balance of Payme nts and add up to  £1.6 bn in the first year in the consecutive years. On an average of the assessment of VAT rates in some crest rival tourist destinations such as France, Spain, Italy, the US and Australia revealed that the visitors of U.K will compensate about 10% more on housing and restaurants and 3.5 % extra on appeals and remaining items than they would in any of those substitute countries. A vat rate of 17.5% places the UK tourism sector at an apparent upgrading in the forceful comprehensive tourism market. In this connection, this research aims at evaluating the impact of VAT increase in the tourism industry of U.K in the year 2011. 3) Aims and objectives of the research: The important aim of this research is to evaluate the impact of VAT (Value added Tax) increase on Tourism industry of U.K in the year 2011. Objectives: To understand about the effectiveness of tourism taxation in U.K To analyze the trends and issues of U.K tourism To understand the economic effects of changing VAT rates on the U.K tourism industry To conduct a primary research evaluating the impact of VAT (Value added Tax) increase on Tourism industry in 2011. To analyze the results of the primary research 4) What is already known about this topic? (Preliminary literature review) Literature review: The following literature provides the information collected from secondary sources of information say ( articles, journals, various websites, white papers, annual reports, magazines, documents, texts , statistics and so on ) Several authors views and opinions are considered to draw a conclusion on the existing literature. The economic evaluation of Tourism: The authors Dwler and Forsyth (1993) explains that Tourism is viewed as an increasing economic action and it is desirable. The positive influence of the economic proceeding is also required in it. Most of the interested parties inquire to determine the effect of tourism on economic activity. Hence, these interested parties might be policy makers charged with the generation of the policy towards the segment. They may involve promoters of events or policy changes and government treasuries observing spending on tourism ventures or may be local authorities. Similarly, the authors Fletcher (1994), Frechtling (1999), Crompton Lee and Shuster (2001), Tyrell and Johnson (2001) illustrates that a predominant method is employed for analyzing the economic impact of the tourism depending on the input and output analysis. Consequently, the authors Wanhill, west, Gamage (2001) says that an input à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"output model is used to evaluate the change in the question. ii) Effectiveness of Tourism Taxation in U.K: The authors Ramesh Durbarry and Thea Sinclair illustrates that tourism in United Kingdom is considered as a chief source of revenue, service and foreign exchange receipts. Its effects also fall over to remaining divisions of the economy. But, the tourism businesses in U.K underwent plenty of issues in the present days. This imitated major decline in the shares of the world tourism market and decline in the intensity of the valid revenue for every visit for most of the UKs prominent tourism markets. As a result, the level of the price competitiveness on tourism receipts provides some concerns specially. Tourism taxation is a significant resource of measuring price competiveness in the economy. However, tourism makes an imperative payment to the economy. Let us check those points one by one: Tourism and day visitors offered about 5 percent of GDP (gross Domestic product) over  £ total of 61 billion in the year 1999. Number of the people working in the tourism businesses of 125,000 are about 1.78 billion It is also considered as the largest invisible export of UK The uppermost traveler appearances are from USA, France and Germany According to Deloitte report, it is stated that the contribution of tourism to UK economy offers five per cent of the national GDP and seven percent of employment. This is the situation before ten years ago. Hence it can be concluded that the tourism industry of UK economy considerably reduced in the past ten years. Meanwhile, there are many issues that influence the countrys international competitiveness and it is also appropriate to consider the time of the raise in the rate of VAT on tourism services in the UK. Vat has been augmented from eight to 15 percent in the year 1980 to 1981 and to 17.5 percent in the year 1991. The following fig shows the U.Ks Tourism balance from 1982-2006. iii) Trends and issues of U.K tourism: The UK tourism industry suffered two important issues in the year 2010 for sustaining employment and making sustainable economic development. Hence, it is needed that the government important that the new government recognize and boost the industries that are capable to tackle these problems. The attributes such as labor intensive, low barriers of entry and high demand are suited for assisting the current economic and employment problems. According to UK labour force survey, 2008, it is revealed that UK tourism offers youth employment. Based on UK Tourism Survey, 2008, it is revealed that it provides regional employment. In fact, it offers a high return on investment and rapid return on investment. The UK tourism underwent number of issues. Even though, the sector experienced huge growth rate in getting visitors from overseas, it accompanied considerable issues given below: Even though, tourist visitors from aboard augmented about the past two decades, declines ha ppened in the late 1990s The u.ks share of international tourism reduced to about 4.5% during the mid 1990s and remained fairly steady thereafter Reduced the development of the real tourism receipts from overseas Real tourism receipts per capita per tourist also reduced for most important of the chief UK countries Rise of the tourism price index for UK than consumer price index Hence, it can be concluded that the tourism industry in United Kingdom has underwent number of problems, especially in the decline of the share of the world tourism receipts , decline in the price competitiveness and decline in the value of the receipts per each visit of the tourist from most important regions of interest. Hence, this context is against the conversation of the tourism taxation, the price sensitivity and the world wide competiveness of the UK tourism industry that should be measured. iv) Evaluating the economic effects of changing VAT rates on the U.K tourism industry: For most of the countries, VAT is treated as an important tax in the tourism industry. The VAT rates in the European economy change across many countries both in hospitality and application of the standard rates. The member countries can install very less rates and after application of such type of rates when they select tourist facilities. Hence, the vat rates are applicable to tourism industry in industries such as accommodation, restaurants, bars and cafÃÆ' © service and so on. In Europe, merely three states Denmark, Germany and UK yet relate their standard VAT rate to the tourism industry. There appears that to widespread acceptance that reducing taxes on tourism services is advantageous to the countries that have installed reduced rates to the tourism related sectors. Table to show the VAT rates in the hospitality and the Catering sector in European countries, 1998 Table to show VAT rate in hotels of Europe: Hence, from the above tables, it can be concluded that a reduction in the rate of VAT in the hospitality and the catering sector may not imply less revenue tom the government of UK. The tax had doubled during the years 1984 to 1993 due to enormous increase in numerous businesses in this segment and in their extent of business. The government earned more revenue despite of lowering the rate. Hence, the simulation results from BTA (1998) also signify that the output of VAT in UK could augment in the context of a decrease in the existing rate of VAT in the hospitality and the catering sector. Hence, it stated that these outcomes reveal that the correlation among the decrease in the rate of VAT and the increase in the tax may not imply a casual relationship. Furthermore, an econometric model is also considered to understand the VAT effectiveness in the tourism industry of UK, however, this research summarized that an improvement in the price competiveness of the tourism sector in UK could be accomplished with the help of the depreciation of the exchange rate for sterling as well as reducing the rate of VAT by lessening their prices as long as the tourism businesses react to the tax reduction by lessening the prices. Still research is required in this. Trip advisor poll (2010) revealed that the tax will increase from 17.5 % to 20% on 4th January 2011. It will influence both the costs of shopping and accommodation, tourist attractions and even car hire charges. This makes UK very expensive to nearly a quarter (24%) of European respondents. From the research, it is revealed that a quarter believe that the VAT augment will generate British holidays unaffordable. Mean while, further quarters (26%) are yet undecided whether the tax hikes will deter them from holidaying in UK next year 2011. 24% of the Britons claim that VAT increase could make domestic holidays very costlier in the year 2011. Emma O Boyle also stated that UK is considered as one of the Europes most famous holiday destinations and regarded as a world class shopping hub. Due to the VAT increase, the outstanding travel deals in 2011 of British tourism industry should work hard to be viewed as striking and cutthroat celebration alternative.  5) Why is this work important? (What contribution to knowledge / originality is involved?) This research project provides number of benefits to understand about the effectiveness of the tourism taxation in U.K. In depth evaluation of the thesis makes an individual to know about the economic effects of changing VAT rates on the U.K tourism industry. As a result, this project will be helpful to enhance knowledge in taxation, acquiring new skills, understanding ability, decision making skills and time management skills. In this manner, this project leaves a lot of scope for future researches also. 6) How will this work be conducted? (Methodology sources of data) Research methodology: Research Methodology is used to realize the concept of the project. By the research method one can know the products of analysis and also the total process of the project. Various research methods are explained by the researcher in the research methodology to find the aims and objectives of the research. For completing the project effectively a variety of research methods are discussed. For collecting the data that helps in completing the project successfully Primary research and secondary research methods are used. The data is analyzed and then results are made after analyzing the collected data. Some of the research methods are commonly used for any research process. A research work is not merely a work plan but it provides the data that has to be completed. Hence, it can be said that work plan will explain the flow from the projects research design. Moreover, the function of the research design is to facilitate that the evidence acquired permits the user to reply the initial que stion as definitely as likely. Research design handles with a logical problem but not a logical problem. (Yin, 1989: 29) The various research processes are Experiment methods Survey methods Observation methods Case study method Literature review The research methods used for the successful completion of this project are Qualitative research and quantitative research method. Qualitative Research Method: [Marshall PA. 2003]Qualitative research method is a type of logical research. The approach of gathering inà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"depth information during questioning the participants is done in the Qualitative Research. Qualitative research methods are more flexible when compared to quantitative research methods. The indefinable factors can be recognized by the qualitative research methods. Participant research, in-depth interviews and focus groups are the three types of qualitative research methods. The participant observation is used for collecting the data based on the behaviors. To obtain the group data, focus groups are used. For collecting individual data in depth interviews are used. Qualitative research contains very smaller sample size. In the qualitative research mainly the interviews and group discussions are carried out. In this type of research the customer response forms, information or media clips are provided. This was generally conducted to observe and query the acti vities of the different groups in the present world. The scientific research is considered as the qualitative method. In the present event study, this research provides the higher inspection and survey related areas. This qualitative research offers the in depth information on the research and various issues present in the research, several generating ideas, and finally the conclusions are drawn from the possible results of the study. Qualitative research is a special kind of scientific research. It contains the investigation that: Seeks answers to a question Methodically, it employs a predefined group of procedures to reply the question It gathers evidence It also produces proof that were not determined in advance It also produces the findings that are suitable beyond the immediate boundaries of the research study. A qualitative interview technique is dissimilar from daily conversation in the following ways. First it is a line of investigation tool and a good inte rviewer must prepare questions in advance, and later analyze and report results. (Rubin Rubin, 1995, p.2) (Potter,W. 1996) (William Badke, 2008), (Fetterman, D. 1988) Merits of Qualitative research: It helps in building new theories It uses subjective information Explore new areas of research The questions which are complex to evaluate in the quantitative methods can be examined by the qualitative research method Demerits of qualitative research: 1) It is expensive 2) Time consuming process 3) The information gathered is limited to questionnaires and interviews. Primary research: As a part of the primary data, interviews are conducted with the government officials, higher officials of tourism department and finance department in order to predict conclusion on the impact on the VAT increase in tourism industry of U.K in 2011. Secondary research: As a part of the secondary research, number of articles, journals, various websites, white papers, survey reports, news papers, magazines, texts, documents and so on is referred in order to draw a conclusion on the economic effects of changing VAT rates on the U.K tourism industry and various trends and issues in it. Both primary (interview sessions) and secondary research (literature review) are sources of information collection. Sampling will be decided based on their availability. 7) What are the anticipated outcomes? A literature survey comparing various authors views and opinions of plenty of articles, journals, magazines, different websites, texts, and documents in order to draw a conclusion from it Analysis results of the primary research Probable recommendations for the research by considering the results acquired from the primary and secondary sources

I Am A First Year Student At The Fortis Institute Dental...

Being a first year student at the Fortis Institute Dental Hygiene School, I have experienced many wonderful things. I have made new friendships, enhancing my learning experience, furthering my career, and my personal favorite experience, clinic. I have learned many techniques from observing the other students during this time. Also, being in the clinic had shown me that being an RDH is what I want to do. In my essay I will discuss my Fears, experiences, observations, my new found confidences, and finally how my view of Dental Hygiene has changed. While shadowing my fellow upper cohorts during the clinic I had made many observations. Unfortunately I was only able to shadow one clinic, although I observed a lot. Marie was the first student that I was shadowing, she was the CA for the day. We started by stocking the cabinets with the necessities. Marie and I then took the dental tools out of the machines that cleaned, sterilized, and dried them. I was shown that there are two sides in t he lab. What I mean by this is that the left side is a dirty side which you should always wear gloves so that you are always protected from the bacteria and germs that the tools carry. Everything on this side has to be handled carefully and you must always wash and sanitize your hands when you are through. The right side is the clean side where the tools and dental accessories are kept so that they stay clean and sterile. Next I was with Jennifer, although she had no patients that day due to aShow MoreRelatedBrand Building Blocks96400 Words   |  386 Pagesinternal and external, can inhibit the brand builder. To be able to develop effective brand strategies, it is useful to understand these pressures and barriers Different factors that make it difficult to build brands are shown in the figure above. The first, pressure to compete on price, directly affects the motivation to build brands. The second reason, the proliferation of competitors, reduces the positioning options available and makes implementation less effective. The third and fourth reasons, the

The Dictatorship Of Big Brother By George Orwell - 1727 Words

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Historical Report on Race Eth/125 Essay - 904 Words

Historical Report on Race Jim, it was great to hear from you after so many years of us not getting in touch with each other. You mentioned in your last letter that you were writing a research paper on the African American history in the United States, and you were hoping I could share some of my experiences and knowledge of my race for your paper. I would love to offer my insight to you for your research. You may be surprised to find out that the first Africans came to North America a full year before the Mayflower ever landed at Plymouth Rock. The first slave cargo arrived in Williamsburg, Virginia in 1619 with Africans that forced to aid in the production process of tobacco (History, 2013). Slavery grew over the next two hundred†¦show more content†¦That has changed radically today with the emergence of the first black President ever in the United States. African American’s have also, for a majority of the existence of the United States, not been treated as equal citizens to everyone else, particularly to the â€Å"white† population. Slavery and segregation have dominated our existence and we have been treated more like property than we have been treated like equals. Our social existence in America was not something that even truly existed until the mid-1960’s. Culturally we always have been faced with hatred from others, particularly the White po pulation, which has caused us to band together as a race and live together in communities of our â€Å"own kind†. Our historical segregation meant that no one had ever given us a chance to share our culture with the world. No one ever got a chance to know us. We had to live together, in communities of African American’s that did not have any other mixing of cultures. This has led to widespread ghetto areas that are economically depressed and do not receive any government funding to help better the community. Over the years the African American citizen has come up against laws that have prevented them from being fully integrated citizens. One such law group of laws that made the most impact was most commonly known as Jim Crow laws. These were a group of laws that were put in place to enforce segregation mostly in the SouthernShow MoreRelatedMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 Pagesregarding abortion. Nondiscrimination on abortion and respect for rights of conscience. Authority of Federal Trade Commission. Construction regarding standard of care. Restoring application of antitrust laws to health sector insurers. Study and report on methods to increase EHR use by small health care providers. TITLE III—HEALTH INSURANCE EXCHANGE AND RELATED PROVISIONS rmajette on DSK29S0YB1PROD with BILLS Subtitle A—Health Insurance Exchange Sec. 301. Establishment of Health Insurance

Coffee Grounds free essay sample

Coffee grounds can be used in numerous ways but the most logical ones are as fertilizer and soil enhancer. Many ways have been used to enrich different types of soils as well as for different gardening plants in specified measure. Being acidic, the coffee grounds are almost neutral with a Ph of 6. 5 to 6. 8. Having approximately 20:1 of C/N over and above a Nitrogen source, coffee grounds are considered to be exceptional in composting. In addition to providing important minerals in the soil like Phosphorus and Potassium coffee grounds improve soil texture and structure. Coffee grounds can be used in farming in the following ways †¢ Acidifying and enriching soils in citrus orchards because trees like oranges do well in acidic soil. †¢ Coffee grounds can be used as mulch in vegetable gardens especially in the growing of tomatoes and carrots for soil restructuring and water retention ability. †¢ When mixed with water to for a Nitrogen rich fertilizer, coffee grounds can be used to grow large health grass fields for fodder production as well as revitalizing lawns. We will write a custom essay sample on Coffee Grounds or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The coffee grounds used as fertilizer have also been proven to improve quality and yields in growing grapevines and blueberry bushes. †¢ Roses, Camellias and azaleas are some of the flower plants that can be grown using coffee grounds as fertilizer to maximize greenhouse horticultural production. †¢ Freshly collected coffee grounds can be used to grow gourmet mushrooms after which the fully composted coffee grounds can be sold to farms and parks. The world produces approximately 7, 658, 780 tons of coffee annually which produces about 5. million tons of coffee grounds which are readily available for free collection. On the other hand, coffee grounds can be used or recycled into several useful products one of the most illogical being making weaker coffee using recycled coffee grounds. Fresh coffee has many benefits to the body which the body fails to get in full by taking weak coffee. Reusing coffee grounds to make coffee beats the whole purpose of taking coffee and no coffee lover will agree taking coffee made in this manner. The following are benefits of drinking coffee that one loses by drinking weak coffee. Fresh coffee reduces the risk of diabetes 2 which weak coffee will clearly lack the chemical property to compare in potency. †¢ Weak coffee made from reused coffee grounds lack sufficient organic components or phytonutrients which by theory can be of an advantage for human health. They include minerals, antioxidant s and lignans. †¢ Levels of caffeine in freshly made coffee can help stimulate metabolism as well as discreetly increasing systolic blood pressure. †¢ Coffee drinkers enjoy the drink because of its rich aroma and distinct taste which is lost when made using recycled coffee grounds. It is illogical to use non beneficial used coffee grounds to make tasteless coffee and without its aroma when that waste can be put into good use like discussed above. Used coffee grounds can only be good for home vegetable and flower gardening rather than brewing an evening cup. It is also illogical that one would choose to take a non beneficial drink without the required minerals that a have been found to be helpful to the human health system such as metabolism among others. Fresh coffee also has properties than help to reduce Alzheimer incidences among other diseases.

English Critical Lens free essay sample

Duff Brenna states that â€Å"All literature shows the power of emotion. It is emotion, not reason that motivates the characters in literature. † This quote means that most characters have a strong sense of emotion. This emotion drives characters to do harsh tasks or to make tough decisions. The reasoning in characters is often times overpowered by their strong sense of emotion. This quote is valid in J. D Salinger’s novel, The Catcher and the Rye. One would think this because of many problems Holden Caufield is faced with. Holden’s strong sense of emotion is what motivates him, not reasoning. In life, some people are unfortunate enough to have a loved one die in their life. In the novel, Holden Caufield has to deal with many problems, such as overcoming his brother’s death. This also develops a theme in the story. As a main character, Holden has a difficult time coping with Allie’s death. We will write a custom essay sample on English Critical Lens or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"I slept in the garage the night he died, and I broke all of the god dam windows with my fist, for the hell of it† (Salinger 39). This quote shows Holden’s strong sense of emotion, rather than reasoning. Furthermore, Holden often thinks of Allie because of how much he means to him. When Holden is walking down the street and he comes to an intersection, he feels like he is disappearing as he walks. Then, Holden begins to talk to his brother Allie. Holden starts telling Allie not to let him fall and disappear into the intersection. This shows the progression of character in Holden Caufield and his emotions towards his loved ones. Therefore, it represents Holden’s irrationality because a reasonable person would not talk to non-living people. Holden Caufield is also involved with many symbols in the book. These symbols show his power of emotion, rather than reasoning. Holden’s red hunting hat sometimes symbolizes the protection and comfort it gives him. â€Å"I couldn’t find my goddam hunting hat anywhere. Finally I found it. It was under my bed. I put it on, and turned the old peak around to the back, the way I liked it, and then I went over and took a look at my stupid face in the mirror†(Salinger 45). This quote shows that the hat comforts and protects Holden through tough times. When Holden turns it backwards, he wears it like a baseball catcher. This symbolizes Holden being a â€Å"catcher in the rye†. He explains this to Phoebe when he comes back home for a little while. Holden constantly sees himself standing near a cliff and catching younger kids if they are about to fall off. Another symbol in the book is the gold rings hanging from the top of the carousel. Towards the end of the book, Phoebe reaches for the gold rings hanging from the top. At first, Holden is worried she might fall, but then relieved when she grasps them.